TÓM TẮT BẰNG TIẾNG ANH

Geodesy and land management in Vietnam during the French colonial period

Nguyen Van Khanh

Abstract: The paper presents the process of forming and developing the cadastral sectors tied to the birth of Cadastre and Land Administration sector in Indochina, and presence of the activities about measuring, regulating and issuing the land by the French administration in Vietnam since early the twentieth century. Until 1930s, these works had been basically completed in the Tonkin Delta and the Southern and Central plains of the country.

Although the speed for such activities was slow and was not applied national wide (as these works were not conducted in the midlands and mountainous areas until the end of the colonial period), but they enhanced the quality and effectiveness of land measuring and management, and ensuring the budget resource from the land tax; and also promoting the process of privatization and concentration of lands which contributed to facilitate the development of production of agricultural commodities in Vietnam in this period. It was considered that these activities were regarded as a reform and fundamental change in the land management in Vietnam in compared to the Nguyen Dynasty and the previous periods in history.

Keywords: Geodesy; Land Management; Vietnam; French colonial period. 

The impact of British colonial policy in Malaya:

The perspectives on the role of aliens in the economic development

Ly Tuong Van

Abstract: The article analyzes the economic change of Malaya under the impact of British colonial policy in the late nineteenth century and the first half of twentieth century. From the perspective on the leading role of the aliens in Malaya’s economy, the article focuses on two sectors that were considered "the backbone” or “the pillars” of British Malaya’s economy as the tin and rubber industries. These sectors were largely dominated by the immigrant communities (including the Europeans, the British, and especially the Chinese). In the meantime, the colonial government implemented the laissez-faire policy towards the traditional economic foundation of the indigenous Malays. The effect of this policy was that it reduced the rate of socioeconomic change at the village level on the one hand, and maintained the Malays to become "settled peasantry" on the other hand. Thus, this article will provide some scientific arguments based on the approaches of historical sociology and economic sociology that to identify the causes of ethnic conflict between the indigenous Malays and the immigrant Chinese in Malaya/Malaysia.

Keywords: British Malaya; colonial economy; tin; rubber; Chinese; Malay.

The design concept of 7^th century Japanese imperial palaces and Lý Dynasty’s Thăng Long imperial citadel-Based on the reflection of the “zhaojian” ideals in capital city design in comparison with Chinese capital models

Pham Le Huy 

Abstract: In countries that were influenced by the Chinese civilization like Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam, the local royal courts borrowed the Chinese ideologies and reflected them in the way they designed their capital cities. In terms of methodology, if researchers of Japanese and Vietnamese capital cities can identify the underlying idea of a singular architectural unit and examine its expressions in comparison with Chinese capital cities, they will be able to answer the question of which Chinese capital model had been used by the local royal courts when they designed their own capital cities.

This paper aims to highlight the similarity in the design of 7^th century Japanese imperial palaces and the Lý Dynasty’s Thăng Long imperial citadel. That is the placement of an opinion bell and box to the south of the main hall. We wish to suggest that this similarity was derived from the fact that both the ancient state of Japan and the Lý dynasty of Vietnam adopted the idea of “zhaojian” (literally ‘criticism’ and ‘dissuasion’) which originated from the Xianqin (pre-Qin) period in China. Based on the reflection of the “zhaojian” ideals in the design of Chinese capital cities throughout different historical periods, I wish to point out the influence of the Jiankang model of Southern Dynasties on the design of Japanese ancient imperial palaces and Vietnamese Thăng Long imperial citadel.

Keywords: Design concept; imperial citadel; “zhaojian” ideals; comparative research; the influence from the Southern Dynasties.

The transformation of livelihoods of the Mnong from 1980

to now (Case study of the Mnong people at Bu Dak village, Thuan An commune, Dak Mil district and Bu Prang village, Dak N’drung commune, Dak Song district in Dak Nong provice)

Nguyen Thi Tam

Abstracts: Since the List of Vietnam ethnic composition was announced in 1979, and then to enter Renovation of the country period, the ethnic groups in Vietnam have many opportunities to economic development and intergration. Along with that trend, the Mnong in Central Highlands have been making dramatic transformation in all fields of life. The article presents the fundamental transformation in livelihood activities of the Mnong from 1980 to now. From the changes in the agricultural economy to craft, traded or exploitation of natural resources and the change in division of labor, production organization and land ownership ... All of them have contributed to create a diversified economy of the Mnong after more than 30 years way.

 Keywords: Livelihoods; Transformation; Mnong; Dak Nong; Central Highlands.

The overview on the dynamics of literature theories

and creativity in the period of 1975-1985

Pham Phu Ty

Abstracts: The Vietnamese innovation, which is always known by 1986 as the combination to the 6th Congress of the Vietnamese Communist the Party. It was initiated with the innovation in thinking, which meant as the changes in the awareness of what had been shaped and it was then followed by the innovation in economy and finally spread to other fields such as art and literature.

However, due to its specific features, art and literature contained itself the elements requiring innovation long before, in the postwar years and more clearly when the war ended in 1975. To prove it, this paper focuses on analyzing some thoughts and works written by Nguyen Khai, Hoang Ngoc Hien, Nguyen Minh Chau (e.g. Di cao-Unfinished works; Trang giay truoc den-the paper below bright); or some books by Nguyen Trong Oanh (Dat Trang- Lifeless Land); by Thai Ba Loi (2 nguoi tro lai Trung doan-the two returning to Regiment); by Nguyen Dinh Thi (Nguyen Trai o Dong Quan-Nguyen Trai in Dong Quan; Rung Truc-Bamboo Forest); Luu Quang Vu (Toi va Chung ta-Me and Us); Nguyen Minh Chau (Nguoi dan ba tren chuyen tau toc hanh-The lady on the Express Train; Chiec thuyen ngoai xa-The off-shore boat…) Nguyen Huy Thiep, Ta Duy Anh …

Based on this, we have come to the following conclusions:

The period between 1975 and 1985 was actually a preparatory stage for many-faceted innovations in Vietnamese literature.

This ten-year innovation first began in writing literary works and then spread to such fields as reasoning and criticizing literature.

The writing experience provided more materials for the literary thinkers and critics and enabled them to sum up the issues and laws of the innovation process.

 - The changes in the value have brought about a new voice in literature. The awareness and thought of literature have also changed, which was the foundation to make art and literature become more democratic. Changing is an obvious rule and apart from these changes, there should be an alteration in the investment mechanism for literature in such a way that subsidy and leading principles should be eliminated and that the investment should be administered like other fields.

Keywords: Literature; reasoning; art; postwar; creativity.

Continuity on the Rules in the process of "Opening

the Road" of China (One Belt One Road)

Trinh Van Dinh

Abstract: In this paper, I want to examine the origin and locate the 21st century Maritime Silk Road in the course of Chinese history. The reason for doing so is the relationship between the 21st century Maritime Silk Road and ancient Silk Road and the Grand Canal system (digging canal). On that basis, we pointed out the inheritance and continuation as well as the scale, structure and functions of the new Silk Road system, with the system of ancient Silk Road and the Grand Canal system, particularly we examine the its relations and policies of the Chinese emperors through the creation of this system of Silk Road. Also, we can conclude about the real intentions of China today in the building of the new Silk Road system. Historical documents and historical consciousness allows us to analyze in contrary with the literary meaning of its name, the characteristics of Silk Road. In fact, it is the way of politics, invasion and expansion path of Chinese territory.

Keywords: Heaven worship; Silk; Mandate of heaven; nature; unnature.

Why Britain left the EU: Looking back from history

and interpretation

Tran Thi Vinh

Abstract: The history and development of the European Union have gone through a long path, associated with the development history of Europe and the world in the latter half of the Twentieth century. During the 65 years of existence and development of the EU, the Brexit which resulted from the EU referendum in Britain on June 23^rd 2016 represents a huge blow to the process of European unity and the development of the regional organization which is considered the most successful in the world. Why did the majority of British decide to leave EU, how could the unprecedented Brexit, one of the most shocking event in the history of the EU, be explained? The paper focuses on finding the answers to the questions raised above by analyzing the fundamental milestone in the history of the European Union and Britain's involvement in this process on the following issues: (I) Where Britain stands in the process of establishing the EEC (1951-1973); (II) “The stormy marriage”: UK-EEC/EU (1973-2016); (III) The June 23^rd 2016 Brexit Shock.

Keywords: Britain; EU; Referendum; Euroscepticism; Brexit. 

Measurements of religious beliefs: Achievements

and challenges

Dang Hoang Ngan, Nguyen Thi Minh Hang

Abstract: This paper presents some measurement of religious belief in psychological research according to a two-level hierarchical model: religious dispositional level and religious functional level. Some typical scale is presented through description of assessment objectives, elements structure, and reliability. Theoretical basis of the measurement in religious functional level such as religious orientation scale, religious coping scale, psychological religious transcendence scale is deeper mentioned. We also discuss about issues such as reference theory, operation of the concept, representativeness of the sample, sustained research programs and cultural differences.

Keywords: Religious beliefs; measurement; religious orientation; religious coping; psychological religious transcendence.